>> Download as a PDF-File

Isinyathelo okumele sibe ngesokuqala
ngqa ekuphatheni okusha kwentando yeningi
USomqulu wama-
Lungelo eziGuli

Umsebenzi wokuqala obhekene nabaphathi phansi kwenqubo yeNtando yeNingi ngukwenza uSomqulu wamaLungelo eziGuli. Lo Somqulu ngowokuvikela amalungelo ezempilo abantu baseMelika kongxiwankulu abahweba ngamakhambi ngenhloso yokuzicebisa bona. Lowo mcebo wabo uhamba kahle uma izifo nazo zizoqhubeka zibheke phambili.

Abantu baseMelika ngeke basakubekezelela ukuthi izimpilo zalowo nalowo mndeni zibekeke engcupheni ngenxa yemboni yongxiwankulu eyazi kuphela ukuhweba yenze inzuzo bese ikhohlisa abantu ngokubethembisa impilo; kanti ngasese ikhuthaza izifo ukuze yenze izigidi ngezigidi zamadola ngokudayisa imithi yayo. Lokhu kukhwabanisa okwenziwa embonini yezemithi yokwelapha kukhulu kunayo yonke mikhonyovu eyake yaba khona emlandweni, kanti futhi kuyisona sisekelo okwakhelwe phezu kwazo imboni yamakhambi okwelapha

USomqulu wamaLungelo eziGuli kumele uvikele amalungelo abantu abagulayo ubanikeze ilungelo lokuthola ulwazi olungabasiza basindise izimpilo zabo. Lolu wulwazi oluphathelene nezindlela zemvelo zokwelapha ezingagodlwe ngamthetho ukuthi zisetshenziswe. Kumele futhi lo Somqulu uqinisekise ilungelo leziguli lokuthi zikwazi ukumangalela abenzi bamakhambi ngemiphumela emibi eyenziwa ngamakhambi abo kuzo. Lawa ngamakhambi amele ukukhiqizwa kuphela yimboni yamakhambi ngegunya layo yodwa elinikwa ngumthetho. Ukuwenza la makhambi kusetshenziswa ingxubevange yemikhiqizo engesizo izinto zemvelo.

Izimbangela ngqo zesibhicongo esenzeka manje ekunakekelweni kwabagulayo

Umbuso kaBush nebhizinisi lokukhwabanisa elenziwa ekuthengisweni kwamakhambi okwelapha

Uyazi nje ngalawa maphuzu alandelayo?

• Imboni yamakhambi yokwelapha iphethwe ngamaqembu awodwa anezinjongo ezifanayo kwezezimali, njengawo Rockfeller and J P Morgan.
• Imboni yemithi yokwelapha isidlondlobale yaba ngenkulu imboni kanti futhi yenza inzuzo eningi kunazo zonke izimboni. Inzuzo yayo ngonyaka iyedlula kumadola ayi-540 ezigidi zezigidi. (billions) [icashunwe ku: Vatican, February, 2004]
• Abakhiqizi bamakhambi yibo ababa ngabaxhasi abakhulu kunabo bonke emkhankasweni wokhetho lukamongameli luka-2000. Ukuba wawungekho lo mxhaso, ngabe akekho uBush nombuso wakhe eWhite House namhlanje.
• Amanxusa okuyiwo ahamba phambili embonini yamakhambi akhethwa njengabaphathinqubo embusweni kaBush. Owazeka kakhulu kubo nguDonald Rumsfeld, owayekade engumqondisi ophezulu embonini yamakhambi nodume kakhulu njengesikhulu esingumenzi wamakhambi.
• Emithethweni eyishumi ebalulekile eyashaywa ngombuso kaBush, emihlanu yayo yayimayelana nokuxhaswa kwemboni yamakhambi okwelapha, nguhulumeni.
• Ngenxa-ke yale mihlomulo ebalelwa emakhulwini ezigidigidi zamadola, imboni yamakhambi isaphinda futhi ifaka izigidi zamadola emkhankasweni wokubuyisela uBush esikhundleni.

Ukuqonda ngomkhonyovu owenziwa embonini yamakhambi

Ukuvimba ukuthi uBush abuyiselwe esikhundleni nokuqinisekisa ukuthi kuqalwa inqubo entsha, kudingeka sembule leli qembu elinezinhloso zalo, elicashe ngombuso kaBush. Lelo-ke yibhizinisi elingumkhonyovu osebenza ngokukhwabanisa embonini yamakhambi.

Ubuwazi la maqiniso alandelayo?

• Imboni yamakhambi akusiyo imboni yezempilo ezikhulela yona njengezinye izimboni, kepha iyibhizinisi elenziwe ngobuciko lacijelwa ukuhweba ngezifo.
• Imboni yamakhambi iyenga abantu bomhlaba wonke ibenze bacabange ukuthi ibaxazululela izinkinga zezempilo. Iqiniso-ke ukuthi inzuzo eyenziwa yile mboni incike ekuthini izifo ziqhubeke futhi zande ukuze yona ikwazi ukulokhu iqhubekile ithengisa amakhambi yenze imali.
• Okuyiwona mshini ophenduphendula lo mkhonyovu wohwebo lwamakhambi yinqubo egunyaza le mboni ukuthi kube yiyo yodwa ethengisa amakhambi athize. Le nqubo ingumthetho ovimba zonke izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzisa imvelo ezivumeleke kuwonkewonke. Ngokwale nqubo imboni yamakhambi inegunya lokuthi yona yodwa yenze lawa makhambi angesiwo awemvelo, ayindidiyela. Kuwona lawa makhambi kutholakala nemiphumela emibi eletha ubuthi emzimbeni womuntu.
• Ukuvinjwa nokuqedwa kwezifo akusoze kwaba yinhloso yale mboni ngoba phela lokho kungakhubaza izinzuzo ekuhwebeni kwayo. Uma kungapheliswa imakethe yale mboni, izifo phela, lingahlakazeka liphele ibhizinisi layo.

Leli bhizinisi elenziwa yi mboni yamakhambi lokuhweba ngezifo liwuhlelo lokukhwabanisa okukhulu kunako konke okuke kwabonakala emlandweni – lethembisa impilo kubantu kepha libalethele izifo!

Izinga lobulwane eliku lo mkhonyovu wokukhwabanisa osembonini yamakhambi kanye nemizamo yoMbuso kaBush ukulifihla

Imiphumela emibi yomkhonyovu woku``khwabanisa embonini yamakhambi’’ eyenzeka kubantu baseMelika

Imiphumela yalokhu kukhwabanisa inomthelela ezimpilweni nasekuphileni kwawo wonke umuntu waseMelika. Abaningi babo sebelahlekelwe ngendlela engeke isalungiseka.

Uyawazi nje lawa maqiniso:

• Abantu baseMelika abevile kuma-100 000 bafa minyaka yonke bebulawa yimithelela ebangwa ukusebenzisa amakhambi abawayalelwe ngodokotela. Phakathi kwazo zonke izinto ezibulala abantu, inani labantu abafa ngale ndlela ledlulwa kuphela yisifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kanye nomdlavuza. (JAMA, 15 Ephreli, 1998)
• Cishe akukho nelilodwa ikhambi elenziwa ngamakhemisi elingenamthelela owaziwayo obulalayo. Amanye alawa makhambi ayingozi i-beta blocker, i-calcium antagonists, amakhambi e-chemotherapy kanye nama-cholesterol blocker. (ama-statin)
• Ama-statin njengamanje asetshenziswa abantu baseMelika ababalelwa ezigidini eziyi-11 nsuku zonke. Kodwa ukusizakala kwabo kuyangabazeka uma kuqhathaniswa nemithelela emibi yawo eyanda ngamandla. Sekufe abantu abangama-50 ngenxa yokusebenzisa i-statin Baycol kanti ababalelwa ezigidini eziyi-6 abayisebenzisayo nabo izinsuku zabo zibaliwe.
• Ucwaningo olusanda kwenziwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abasebenzisa i-statin olwaluvezwe kwi-New England Journal of Medicine ngo-Ephreli 8 ka-2004 lwaveza ukuthi abantwana abangama-20 kwabangama-52, okusho ukuthi cishe ingxenye yonke yenani; abathintana ne-statin beseziswini zonina, bazalwa bekhubazeke kakhulu.
• Wonke amakhambi okwelapha umdlavuza ngokushiswa ngogesi, okuyisona sisombululo esenziwayo ngokwenqubo yomkhonyovu kulolu bhubhane lwesifo, ayizinto ezinobuthi ezilimiza zonke izinhlayiya zezicubu ezikhona emzimbeni. Ngalokho-ke imithelela evamile yokushisa ngogesi ngukuvela kwezinye izinhlotshana zomdlavuza kumuntu owelashwa ngalawa makhambi.
• Isixazululo somkhonyovu wezamakhambi esifeni sengculazi yi-AZT, okuyinto enobuthi efike ivimbe lokho okwenza ufuzo okusezinhlayiyeni zonke zomzimba (cells), kanye nasezinhlayiyeni zegazi ezimhlophe (white blood corpuscles) okuyizo engabe zivikela umzimba ezifeni. Ngenxa yalokho-ke umthelela ojwayelekile ekwelashweni kwengculazi, kuba yingculazi eyenyukele.

Kufanele kungabi nashwele kulo mkhonyovu oqhubeka embonini yamakhambi

Kule mboni impilo nokuvikeleka kwabantu ezifeni kushaywa indiva ngabomu ngokuthi abantu bafihlelwe ulwazi lwezempilo olungabasindisa ekuguleni nasekufeni. Isizathu esenza abemboni bashaye indiva ngukuthi awukho umthetho ovimbela abanye abantu ukuthi bangayibangisi kulo msebenzi.. Esinye isizathu ngukuthi ukunika abantu lolu lwazi akungenisi nzuzo etheni. Kodwa manje lawa makhambi okuyiwo angavunyelwe ukuthengiswa ngabanye abantu nezinkampani, yiwo abanga umthelela omubi kangangokuthi asejike aba yimbangela engeyesine yokufa kwabantu eMelika. ((JAMA 4/15/98).

Izindleko ezikhokhwa ngumpahakathi ngalo mkhonyovu zibalelwa ezigidini zezigidi zamadola. Njengoba kwenzeka maqondana nomthetho kagwayi, abantu, imiphakathi namazwe ngapha nangapha kweMelika asemangalele abenzi makhambi ngenhloso yokusindisa imiphefumulo nokudiliza lo mkhonyovu wemboni yamakhambi. Ecaleni le-Baycol sekuvele kunabamangali abevile kuma-10 000 abamangalele abakwa-Bayer and GlaxoSmithKline.

• Okokuqala bazama ukufihla lo shwele abafuna ukuwunika imboni yamakhambi bawucahsise phansi komthetho owachazwa ngokuthi uzokwenza izinguquko ekumangalelweni kwabanamacala ezokwelapha, i ``medical liability litigation reform.’’
• Okwesibili, bazama ukufaka ushwele wokusiza umkhonyovu wemboni yamakhambi emthethweni obizwa nge-Patriot Act kanye neminye imithetho eyenziwa isigubhukane ngemuva kuka-Septemba 11.
• Manje-ke njengoba isikhathi sesibaphelela sokubusa, sebevele baphumela obala. Bavele basukela inqubo eyaziwayo kahulumeni bayishaya ingwijikhwebu kwathi ngo 24 Julayi ka-2004 bamemezela ukuthi kuzoba noshwele onguvalelakonke ovikela izenzo zokukhwabanisa embonini kwezamakhambi ngokuthi kwenqatshelwe abantu abathenga amakhambi ukumangalela abakhiqizi bemithi yokwelapha noma amakhambi.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzisa imvelo nemizamo yombuso kaBush ukuzenza zibe yicala

Izindlela zokwelapha zemvelo zigodlwe ngamabomu kubantu baseMelika ngumkhonyovu wokukhwabanisa owenzeka embonini yamakhambi

Ukuze baphumelele ukwenza lo mkhonyovu wabo kahle emhlabuhlangene, imboni yamakhambi kwadingeka ukuthi ikuphelise ukunikezwa kwezindlela ezinemiphumela ephilayo, eziphephile zemvelo, ezivunyelwe kuwonkewonke, futhi ezingabhekisiwe ekwenzeni izinzuzo.

Ngenxa yokuvinjwa kwalawa mathuba kwezempilo, izigidi zabantu baseMelika abakwazanaga ukuthola ulwazi obelungabasindisa ezifweni ezifana nezenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, umdlavuza nezinye izinkinga.

Lokhu kufihlwa kolwazi olubalulekile kwezempilo kwakungumsebenzi onzima. Emashumini eminyaka edlule izigidi ngezigidi zamadola zichithiwe kulo mkhonyovu wezamakhambi kugwazelwa izikole eziqeqesha odokotela nabanye abelaphi njengezikole zokuqeqesha osomakhemisi, kanye nabezindaba namaqembu ezombusazwe, kwaze kwazogcinwa ngawo-ke umbuso kaBush.

Uyawazi yini lawa maqinis o:

• -Izifo eziningi ezihlasela abantu aziziphathi nakancane izilwane. Lezo yisifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, isifo sezitho zangaphakathi ezithintene nomminzo, isifo sikashukela, ihayihayi, istroki, umdlavuza nezinye izifo.
• Nakhu okwenzeka ezilwaneni, okungenzeki kubantu: Esibindini cishe sazo zonke izilwane kukhiqizwa usawotshana obizwa ngokuthi yi-ascorbic acid eyi-Vitamin C, eyenziwa umzimba iwususela kushukela. Le vithamini yiyona ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwekholajini ne-elastin. Ikholajini ne-elastini yizona zinhlayiyana (molecules) ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuzinziseni ukusebenza kwemithambo yegazi nezicutshana ezixhumanisa izitho zomzimba. Lokho-ke kuzenza zibambe iqhaza elikhulu ekuvimbeni izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kanye nezinye izifo.
• INGCULAZI- okwesatshwa ukuthi izoba ngumashayabhuqe kuwo onke amazwe athuthukayo, ibonakala ingabhebhezeleki ezilwaneni esezike zasetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa ucwaningo. Kusanda kutholakala ukuthi isivinini sayo siyabambeka ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yamavithamini nezinye izondlamzimba ezisemqoka. Le nhlanganisela ingakwazi ukusindisa izigidi zabantu yonge nezigidigidi zamadola ezisetshenziselwa ukuyelapha. (NYT, July 1, 2004).

Asikho isizathu esibanga ukuthi lezi zifo ziqhubeke zikhathaze izigidi zabantu uma imbangela yazo isiqondwa ngokwenzululwazi. Futhi-ke isiyaqondwa!

Imizamo yokugcina yombuso kaBush ukuketula izinto: Ukusebenzisa inhlangano yomhlabuhlangene yezempilo (World Health Organisation) ukuvikela umkhonyovu wemboni yamakhambi

Abantu baseMelika kanye naso sonke isintu sekufike ezingeni lapho bengakwazi ukuzikhulula ejokeni lezifo ezikhungethe umhlaba, nakulo mkhonyovu osembonini yamakhambi.

Kungumsebenzi osemahlombe nethuba lombuso omusha wentando yeningi ukunikeza abantu baseMelika izinsizasidingo ukuze kusinde izigidi zezimpilo zabantu kongeke nezigidigidi zemali echithwa ekwelashweni kwabantu.

Lokhu ngeke kube yinto elula ukuyenza. Lawo maqembu ahambisana nomkhonyovu wemboni yamakhambi ayolwela ukufa nokuphila evikela amagunya awo ezomnotho asisekelo sawo sisezigidigidini eziningi zamadola azenza ngokuhweba ngezifo. Ukuze lo mzamo uphumelele, umbuso omusha weNtando yeNingi udinga ukuxhaswa okuphelele ngabantu baseMelika; okuyinto-ke ozoyithola.

Imiphumela iyoba mihle ngendlela emangazayo ; Ezizukulwaneni ezizayo izifo zenhliziyo nestroki kuyoba yinto okuthukela ihlasele umuntu. Izifo eziningi ezijwayelekile namuhla ziyoba yinto engaziwa. Izinsiza ebezisetshenziselwa izifo ziyosetshenziselwa izidingo eziphuthumayo emikhakheni efana nempilo, imfundo namathuba omsebenzi,

Uyawazi yini lawa maphuzu :

• Umbuso kaBush ungubhongoza ekutheni umhlabuhlangene ushaye umthetho ovimba ukufafazwa kolwazi ngosizo lwamavithamini olungasindisa abantu ezifweni, ngezakhamzimba ezibalulekile ekuphileni kanye namanye amakhambi emvelo atholakala ngaphandle kwegunya elivalela ngaphandle abangekho embonini yamakhambi.
• Umbuso kaBush awugcini lapho, uze usebenzise i-Codex Alimentarius Commission engaphansi kwe-World Health Organisation ngenhloso eyodwa nje: ukuvikela umkhonyovu wemboni yamakhambi kwinselele elethwa ukuthuthuka okunesivinini komkhakha wezokwelapha kwemvelo. (Uma ufuna ulwazi oluthe xaxa, yana kwi-website yethu.)

Nokho-ke lo mzamo wombuso kaBush abawenza bewufihla kubantu baseMelika uyinto engathi shu, umane uyinqubo nje ensuku zayo sezibaliwe.

Ngabe akukeneli yini manje kubantu baseMelika?

Yinina okumele nikhethe: Ningaqhubeka ninikele ngezimpilo zenu nidlondlobalise ibhizinisi lomkhonyovu wemboni yamakhambi, noma nithathe isinyathelo khona manje sokuthi kuqedwe nya lezi zifo ezixhaphakile kulezi zinsuku esiphila kuzo, kupheliswe nomkhonyovu wezamakhambi.

Kulo-Novemba, votela kuphela abaholi kwezombusazwe abaqinisekisa amalungelo akho ezempilo ayisisekelo.

• Amalungelo angenamkhawulo avumela ogulayo ukumangalela abenzi bamakhambi uma ikhambi alisebenzisile liba nomphumela oyingozi empilweni yakhe
• Ukudedela abagulayo ukuthi bakwazi ukuthola izindlela zemvelo, ezingagodleki zokwelapheka