Ibhizinisi losokhemisi liwumsebenzi wenkohlakalo yamazwe ngamazwe

Igqwayingwayi kadokotela isanda kususa umsindo ezinhleni zezempilo ngokuphenya izinqe izinkampani zamakhemisi ngokuthi zingogombela kwesakhe. Sikhuluma lapha ngoDkt. Matthias Rath weDr. Rath Health and Research Foundation onemibono eminingi ngeNhlangano yezizwe nezisombululo zezifo. USANDILE MDADANE umbuze ukuthi:

SM: UNJANI UMLANDO WAKHO KWEZEMPILO DR RATH?

UDkt Matthias Rath

DR: Ngiyi physician, usosayensi nenhloko yenhlangano yomhlaba wonke ecwaninga ezempilo. Emuva kokuqeda iziqu zobudokotela eHamburg eJalimane, ngaba nezikhundla emkhakheni wocwaningo nokwelapha eJalimane naseMelika. Ngo-1992 ngaba yinhloko yokucwaninga ngezifo zenhliziyo esikhungweni socwaningo esahlomula kabili ngendondo yeNoble Laureate iLinus Pauling. Emuva kwalokho ngaqala olwami ucwaningo emkhakheni wokwelapha ngendabuko.

Emsebenzini wami ngibe nenhlanhla yokubamba iqhaza ekuqedeni ezinye izifo zanamuhla ezandile njengenhliziyo nomdlavuza. Ngathola ukuthi isifo senhliziyo iyisandulela sesifo samatilosi "iscurvy" edalwa wubuthaka bezakhamzimba emithanjeni yegazi. Ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokufelwa wuhlangothi yizifo ezigwemekayo eziyogcina zishabalele.

Ngokufanayo nomdlavuza uzobe ungasaziwa yizizukulwane ezizayo.Wonke ama-cancer cell asabalala ngendlela efanayo igebhule njengesikele idabule izicubu ezikake ama-cancer cell bese lama-cell ande aphindaphindeke. Ngalokhu engikutholile ngithole indlela yemvelo yokunqanda lama-cancer cell. Kuleminyaka ithimba lethu labacwaningi esikhungweni sethu eCalifornia liqale indlela yokunqanda lonke uhlobo lwama-cancer cell asebewahlolile kuze kube manje okukhona kuzo umdlavuza webele, umdlavuza wasesinyeni kwabesilisa, umdlavuza wephaphu nezinye izinhlobo.

Ucwaningo lwakamuva lugxile ekulawuleni izifo ezilwa namasosha omzimba okukhona kuzo iHIV/Aids. Kuyimanje singakwazi ukukhombisa ngokwesayeni ukuthi izindlela esesiqhamuke nazo ziyakwazi ukunqanda ukusabala kwalezi zifo. Ukuhlolwa kweziguli ezine-Aids maze kuzokhombisa ukuthi kunezindlela zendabuko neziphephile kunalama-antiretroviral drug abizayo nayingozi.

SM: IMUVA LAKHO KWEZEMPILO LIHLANGANAPHI NOMSEBENZI OWENZA MANJE?

DR: Ngesikhathi ngivumbulula lamaqiniso ngacabanga ukuthi isisombululo esiqeda zonke izifo sizokwamukelwa ngezandla ezimhlophe wuwonke wonke. Kodwa akubanga njalo. Yilapho ngakhumbula khona ukuthi kunemboni yabatshali bezimali, osokhemisi abanesizathu sokugqiba lolu lwazi ngoba izakhamzimba nezindlela zemvelo zokwelapha ngeke ukwazi ukuzenza ezakho uzidayise njengemithi wedwa,

Kumele sikuqonde ukuthi osokhemisi abasiyo imboni yezempilo, bayimboni yezezimali. Ibhizinisi losokhemisi liwumsebenzi wenkohlakalo yamazwe ngamazwe ethembisa impilo kubantu, kodwa empeleni liyibhizinisi lezigidigidi lezidakamizwa elimiswe wukwanda kwezifo. Abantu kumele baphaphame balibone iqiniso lokuthi izifo ziwumnotho webhizinisi losokhemisi. Kuleli khulunyaka uthando lwemali olumise lemboni seliyiphendule inkohlakalo ehleliwe nengenisa imali seluyiphendule inkohlakalo ehleliwe nengenisa imali eningi kakhulu. Namuhla emaphilisini amabili kwamathathu adayiswa emhlabeni avela emazweni amabili kuphela, iMelika neBrithani. Inkampani yaseMelika iRockeffeler neyaseBrithani iJP Morgan yibo abahlomula kakhulu kuleli bhizinisi lezifo. Izigidi zabantu emazweni acishe abe ngu-200 emhlabeni alikhokhela kabuhlungu leli bhizinisi ngezifo, bayafa yilezifo ezikhona ngoba kunabantu abenza imali ngabo. Umnotho wamazwe idlavazwe ngama-billion ama-dollar ngoba kukhokhelwa leli bhizinisi lenkohlakalo.

Selokhu ngathola lamaqiniso sengifana nommeli wamalungelo empilo kubantu abangu-6 billion ukuze bakwazi ukufinyelela kalula kulolulwazi lwezempilo. Ukuze ngisize ekusbalaliseni lolu lwazi emhlabeni ngasungula iDr Rath Health Foundation ukugxila ocwaningweni nasekufundiseni emkhakheni wokwelapha ngemvelo ngiphenye izinqe abavimbela isintu ukuba sikwazi ukuba nelungelo lokuphila.

SM: UYIBONA KANJANI INHLANGANO YEZIZWE NJENGEGOVU ELINGEMAZINYO NJENGOBA AMAZWE ANAMANDLA ZINGGQIZI QAKALA UKUBA ZILANDELE IZIMISO ZAYO?

DR: NgoMashi ngonyaka odlule uHulumeni kaBush wahola impi eya e-Iraq udelela isinqumo seNhlangano yeziZwe nemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngesinqumo sayo esenze ngoJuni 8, 2004 ngokugunyaza impi yaseMelika uMkhandlu wokuPhepha weNhlangano yeziZwe, uyivumele isiqalile impi yase-Iraq. Ngalesi sinqumo uMkhandlu wokuPhepha weNhlangano yeziZwe udicilele phansi imithetho yawo yokuziphatha ne-United Nations Charter nokuba khona kwayo qobo nje iNhlangano yeziZwe. Imiphumela yalesi sinqumo ibeka engcupheni iningi lamazwe. Njengoba lungasekho uhlu lokuziphatha lwe-UN, okwakuyilo kuphela ihawu lamazwe alisekho. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kusukela manje noma yiliphi izwe ikakhulu angaphezu kuka-150 asathuthuka angesatshiswa, anqotshwe ngenxa yamanga ezizwe ezinamandla.

Yingakho ngabhala incwadi kwiNew York Times ngoJune 30, 2004 nakwi-International Herald Tribune ngoLwesihlanu ngoJulayi 2, 2004 ethi "INhlangano yeziZwe Izigwaze Ngonyawo". Womabili lamaphephandaba ayikhipha engayishintshanga. Kodwa ukuzibulala kweNhlangano yeziZwe kwakuyigxathu lokugcina lokuwa kwayo. Umhlaba wonke, izinkampani ezinkulu njengosokhemisi noHulumeni baseMelika naseBrithani kade baqala ukuzigwazela ibhece eNhlanganweni yeziZwe. Iminyaka eminingi iNhlangano yezizwe noWorld Health Organisation neWorld Trade Organisation bezilokhu zenziwa amathuluzi okuxhaphaza amanye amazwe.

Okukhinyabezayo kakhulu yiqhaza losokhemisi ekuxhaphazeni iWTO lezi zinkampani ziphoqe inqubo enomkhonyovu yobunikazi bemithi ngisho nasemazweni ahlupheka kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokuxhaphaza iWHO lezi zinkampani bezizama ukuvimbela imithi yokwelapha ngendabuko ngaphansi kwe-United Nations Alimentarius Commission. Iqiniso lalokhu ngukuthi amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu ba file ngoba iNhlangano yeziZwe idayise ngabantu.

SM: ANJANI AMATHUBA EZIZWE EZIHLUPHEKAYO KULAMAZWE AMAKHULU?

DR: Uma amazwe ahluphekayo eqhubeka nokuthembela eNhlanganweni yeziZwe ukuthi iwamele, amathuba okuthi lamazwe azikhulule ebugqileni awekho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amakhulu ezinkulungwane zizoqhubeka nokufa ezifweni okumele ngabe kade zaphela ukube iNhlangano yeziZwe ibhekele izidingo zabantu hhayi ezebhizinisi.

Isibonelo nje, umeluleki wezomnotho kaNobhala-Jikelele weNhlangano yeziZwe uKofi Annan, nguJeffrey Sachs ongomunye wabantu abaphambili abakhulumela izinkampani ezinkulu. USachs wahambela i-African Union Summit, uhambela amazwe asathuthuka no-Annan, ehambe ephakamisa ukuthi kwenyuswe imali yomxhaso yohulumeni abacebile kodwa ngombandela wokuthi le mali iphindela ezinkampanini ngokuthengwa kwemithi yezigidigidi. Ngamanye amazwi uSachs/Annan bagqugquzela uhlelo lokuxhasa oluvela kubakhokhi bentela iya kosokhemisi. Endleleni le mali idala izifo ikhulise izimakethe. Okungenziwa yizizwe ezihluphekayo uma kubhekwa ukuthi isikhona indlela eshibhile yokulwa nezifo ezinjenge HIV/Aids - lokhu kuwubugebengu nomkhonyovu. Kulukhuni ukuthi osopolitiki nomphakathi ukuthi bayibone le nkohlakalo. Yingakho kubaluleke kangaka ukusatshalaliswa kolwazi ngezindlela zemvelo nemithi yokwelapha. Into engaqeda usizi lwamazwe ahluphekayo wukuthi lamazwe ayeke ukuthembela kulelizwe. Okungaqala lokhu yi-Alliance of Nations ecabangela izidingo zamazwe athuthukayo igcine imele zonke izizwe ukwenza ngcono lesi sizukulwane nezizayo.

Ukuzibulala kweNhlangano yeziZwe akubanga buhlungu kodwa yithuba lo mlando ukuthi amazwe athuthukayo ukuthi avuke azikhulule wona emaketangeni. Yithuba elingafani nelinye, labantu ukuthi bakhe umhlaba woxolo impilo nobulungiswa. Yingakho ngiphakamisa ukuthi i-Alliance of Nations ithathe indawo yeNhlangano yeziZwe. I-Alliance of Nations kuzomele ilandele izimiso ezibekiwe ukuze ikwazi ukufeza lezi zinjongo. Esikhathini sezikhali zembumbiso kumele kuvikelwe izinxushunxushu zezimpi ngayo yonke indlela. Kumele iphinde ivikele amazwe asathuthuka ekuxhashazweni wumgolo wemali. Kumele ibe namalungelo abantu bonke. Zonke izizwe ezinkulu nezincane kumele zimelwe ngokulingana nodaba "lezwe elilodwa, ivoti elilodwa", kumiwe kulo ukuqinisekisa ukuthula emhlabeni. Impilo yabantu ibaluleke kakhulu kunothando lwemali nenzuzo. Ngakho izoqedwa indaba yokwandiswa kwezinto ukuze kwenziwe imali. Imithetho yokudayiswa kwemithi izoqedwa ukuze kuphele ukuthembela kwamazwe ahluphekayo kwacebile. Imisebenzi yokuqala ye-Alliance kuyoba wukwakha indlela ezoqeda uhlaka lwezokuphepha lweNhlangano yeziZwe. Isifundo esitholwe e-Iraq asisetshenziswe ukuvikela zonke izizukulwane ukuze ukuhola impi kuzoba yicala eliyoholela ekukhishweni inyumbazane kwalabo abaphula umthetho.

SM: YILIPHI IQHAZA LENINGIZIMU AFRIKA, UMPHAKATHI NEZINHLANGANO EZIZIMEELE UKWENZA NGCONO IZIMPILO ZABANTU?

DR: INingizimu Afrika isiqalile ukuba phambili ekulweni nosokhemisi. UNgqongqoshe kazwelonke wezeMpilo usephenduke umkhulumeli wokwelapha ngendabuko ngale kwemingcele yaseNingizimu Afrika. Ngikhumbula umhlangano omfushane engaba nawo noDr Tshabalala-Msimang ngesikhathi kuyiWorld Summit eGoli ngo-August 2002. Savumelana ukuthi ukwaziswa kwendlela yemvelo yokwelapha yiyo kuphela engaletha impilo kubantu yehlise nokuthembela kosokhemisi. Manje lolu lwazi ludinga ukufika kuwo wonke amagumbi eNingizimu Afrika, e-Afrika yonkana nomhlaba wonke. Ingane nengane kumele yazi ukuthi umzimba awuzikhiqizeli uVitamin C, olwa nesifo senhliziyo, umdlavuza, ikhulise namandla okulwa nezifo ezithathelanayo. Yonke ingxenye yomphakathi nezinhlangano ezizimele nabo bonke abantu bayakuqonda ukuthi ubungozi obuhambisana nokusonga izandla. Sidinga ukufundisa abantu baseNingizimu Afrika nomhlaba wonke ngokulwa nezifo ngendlela yendabuko. Ngibiza wonke umuntu waseNingizimu Afrika ukuba angenele lomshikashika ozohlanganisa wonke umuntu.

SM: IMELIKA ISAYOKE ISITHOLE ISIFUNDO?

DR: Phambilini ohulumeni bamazwe asathuthuka bebebuka kakhulu iMelika namazwe acebile. Abantu baseNingizimu Afrika namazwe asathuthuka kumele babone ukuthi sebevele banolwazi lwezobuchwepheshe ezandleni nolwenele ukuthi bayekele ukuba yizicela nkobe zamazwe acebile. Izindawo ezimbili ezixhashazwe ngamazwe amakhulu wumkhakha wezempilo namandla. Ngosizo lwezinkampani zobhululu kwezamakhemisi nokumbiwa phansi iningi lomcebo laseMelika naseBrithani namanye amazwe ase-Europe liqhamuka kokumbiwa phansi nasembonini yemithi edayiswayo.

Ukwakha izindlela ezintsha zokuguqula lokhu yigxathu lokuqala lokuqeda ukuthembela emazweni amakhulu. Noma yiliphi izwe elifuna ukuzimela kwezezimali kumele lakhe uhlelo lwezempilo lokwelapha ngezemvelo.

Ngokusebenzisa indlela enobuchule kungagwemeka izinkinga eziningi emazweni asathuthuka njengokusatshalaliswa kokudla, ezemfundo namathuba omsebenzi.

Kungawubuwula ukucabanga ukuthi izinkampani zemithi zizosonga izandla zibuke ibhizinisi lazo lihwamuka. Ingozi enkulu engabhekana namazwe ase-Afrika namanye asathuthuka, kungaba wukuziphindiselela kwamazwe amakhulu ngempi njengeMelika, iBrithani namanye eG-8.

Akubanga wukuqondana kwezinto nje okwadala ukuba uMengameli uMbeki enkulumweni yakhe kwi-African Union Summit e-Addis Ababa eTopiya ekuqaleni kukaJulayi lapho ethi ingqinamba enkulu ekutheni i-Afrika ikhululeke ngokugcwele, wubungozi bokuhlaselwa ngamazwe angaphandle kwe-Afrika.

Lobu bungozi buyiqiniso futhi buzokwandisa igxathu leNingizimu Afrika namazwe athuthukayo ukuthi azimele. Kodwa abantu bomhlaba abanayo enye indlela. Kumele siluqale lolu hambo. I-Alliance of Nations ibaluleke kakhulu ekufinyeleleni kulelophupho.

SM: IKUPHI ONAKHO EMQONDWENI NGALE ALLIANCE OF NATIONS, INGABE NGAMAMPUNGE NJE OKUZAMA UKUBA SIBE NOMHLABA ONGCWELENGCWELE?

DR: Njengoba ngibekile ngenhla i-Alliance of Nations ayiyona nje kuphela into engenzeka kodwa iyisidingo esisheshayo ekuphuculweni kwabantu. Ngakwethula lokhu nge-Alliance of Nations kwiNew York Times ngoJuni 30, 2004. Ngakhetha lolu suku ngoba wusuku iNhlangano yeziZwe eyacekela phansi izimiso zayo ngokuvumela impi eholwa yiMelika e-Iraq. Yilona suku iNhlangano yeziZwe eyaqeda ngalo ukubakhona kwayo. Ngenxa yokwanda kwesasasa, incwadi eyaya kwiNew York Times yashicilelwa kwamnye amaphephandaba amazwe asathuthuka njengase-Gibhithe, eJordan, eNigeria, eKenya, eZambia, eMexico, eBrazil, eVenezuela, eNicaragua, e-India naseRussia imbala.

Okwadonsa amehlo kwaba wukushicilelwa kwaba wukushicilelwa kwezinjongo ze-Alliance of Nations

ephephandabeni laseTopiya 'iThe Reporter' noJulayi 7, 2004. Ukushicilelwa kwale ncwadi kwaveza isidingo sokusungulwa kwe-Alliance kanti ukuqondanisa ne-African Union Summit akubanga nje wukuqondana kwezinto. Kulo mhlangano obaluleke kangaka, ikusasa lePan African Parliament lizohlaluka. Zonke izithunywa zakwi-AU Summit zafunda ngezizathu ezibalulekile ze-Alliance of Nations ebhekele izidingo zamazwe ase-Afrika. Kanti akumangazanga uma zonke izizwe zikhetha iNingizimu Afrika njengesizinda sePhalamende lase-Afrika.

Abantu baseNingizimu Afrika nohulumeni wabo sebeyivulile indlela amazwe ase-Afrika, abona ukuthi yilona zwe elimele okufunwa yi-Afrika.

Ngokubaluleka kokushicelelwa nge-Alliance of Nations emazweni e-Arab League umkhulumeli wamazwe ama-Arab waveza ukuzimisela kwakhe ukusebenza ngokubambisana ne-African Parliament.

IPan African Parliament ibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Alliance of Nations, ezoba wuhlaka lokuqala emlandweni ukufeza izinhloso zamazwe asathuthuka. Ukuxhumana okuhle okuphakathi kweNingizimu Afrika, India, Brazil neChina izolusheshisa lolu hlelo.