Kutheni kufuneka abemi boMzantsi Afrika beqhubekeke ngokuntyintywa ngale tyhefu iyi-AZT nje?

LUNYANGO NGAMACHIZA EMVELO KUPHELA OLUNOKULWA NOGAWULAYO

Ngomhla wokuqala kwinyanga yeKhala (July) ngo-2004, uphando olwaba ngundaba-mlonyeni lweDyunivesithi yaseHarvard lwapapashwa kwelinye lawona maphepha-ndaba makhulu kwezempilo ehlabathini, iNew England Journal of Medicine, eyashwankathelwa kwangolo suku lunye lelona phepha-ndaba linefuthe nelihlonitshiweyo ehlabathini, iNew York Times, lisithi: 'olu phando lwafumanisa ukuba ukusebenzisa izakhi-mzimba ezinothotho lweevitamin ntsuku zonke kuyasehlisa isantya sesi sifo kwanomngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo uGawulayo ngesiqingatha'.

Le ke yibhotile ebukhulu buyi-25 mg yeAZT ekhutshwe yiSigma-Aldrich ukuze isetyenziswe kumaziko ophando. Negama eli layo liyazixela. I-GlaxoSmithKline iphakamisa ukuba kusetyenziswe phakathi kwama-500 nama-1500 mg ale AZT ngosuku – oko kw kuwuphinda-phinde amashumi amabini namashumi amathandathu umlinganiselo iSigma-Aldrich eyala abasebenzi bophando ukuba ungababulala okanye ubonzakalise ngokumasikizi – isithi ‘iAZT yandise ze yaphucula umgangatho wobomi bezigidi-gidi zabantu abaphila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo/noGawulayo kwihlabathi lonke’. Ikwalahlekise abantu ngokuthi ‘iGlaxoWellcome (ekungoku nje izibiza iGSK) yinkampani eyaziwayo nenkulu . Asibaxokiseli abantu.’

Umbuzo kukuba kutheni na abemi boMzantsi Afrika bengazange baxelelwe ngale nto. Ngokuthi kuvakaliswe ngokumandla iindlela zonyango lwemvelo zokulwa nesifo uGawulayo, urhulumente woMzantsi Afrika ubesoloko ephantsi kohlaselo lwamaqela anyanzelisa ukufezekiswa kweemfuno zoshishino lwamachiza futhi akazange afumane naluphi na uhlobo lwenkxaso kumashishini amachiza. Isizathu soku kungabikho kwenkxaso sizicacele. Iinkqubo neemveliso zemvelo zonyango ezingenazithintelo zinengeniso esezantsi kakhulu, ngelixa iimveliso ezinezithintelo nezenziwe ngeeendlela ezingezizo ezemvelo ezilwa noGawulayo zilushishino olubanika izigidi-gidi zetywenka yemali abo baqhuba eli shishini.

ITreatment Action Group kunye neDr. Rath Health Foundation ziphehlelele inkqubo yokuqeqeshwa koluntu ukudiza amahlebo ngale ndlela yemvelo yokulwa noGawulayo.

Lifikile ilixa lokuba wonke umntu eMzantsi Afrika, echatshazelwa engachatshazelwa nguGawulayo, azazi iinyaniso ngoGawulayo.

1. Uphando lwaseHarvard, olwenziwa eTanzania, kwisithuba sexesha eliyiminyaka esibhozo, lwabandakanya amanina ngaphezu kwewaka aphila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo nakwakhulelweyo. Yayiluvavanyo oluqhutywa ngamachiza okuzama ukufumanisa ubuzaza bala machiza elifikelela kweyona migangatho iphakamileyo. Olu phando lwabonisa ukuba unyango ngamachiza afikelelekayo ngokwemali yeyona ndlela yonyango isebenza ukodlula onke la machiza adodobalisa imizimba okulwa noGawulayo ekulweni izifo kumanina aphila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo. (NEMJ 2004 Jul 1;351(1):23-32)
2. 2. Kwisithuba esingaphezu kwamashumi amabini eminyaka eyadlulayo kwenziwa uphando, apho uLinus Pauling, owawongwa amatyeli amabini ngeNobel Peace Prize, wancedisa ekubhaleni, phando olo lwapapashwa kwelinye lamaphepha-ndaba amakhulu kwinzululwazi, nolwafumanisa ukuba ukusebenzisa nje amachiza aqulethe uvitamin C kungavala ukuphinda-phindana kwentsholongwane kaGawulayo ngamashumi alithoba anethoba ekhulwini/nge-99%. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1990 Sep;87(18):7245-9)
3. Nayiphi na incwadi yezifundo ngamachiza emvelo iyayinakana into yokuba ivitamin kwanezinye izakhi-mzimba ezincinci ziyeyona nto inefuthe ekusebenzeni ngendlela eyiyo kwamajoni omzimba.
4. Amakhulu-khulu ezifundo zophando afumanisa ukuba iAZT, izidodobalisa ngendlela engummangaliso kuzo zonke izihlunu zomzimba womntu ze zizidodobalise nangakumbi izihlunu zegazi lwamajoni ethu omzimba.
5. Izifundi zophando ezininzi zafumanisa ukuba iintsana ezingekazalwa nezifumana ifuthe le-AZT ngelixa zisesesibelekweni zonakalelwa bubuchopho, zihlaselwe zizigulo zemithambo, zikhubazeke, zibe buthathaka, zikhubazeke ngokwasengqondweni zihlaselwe sisifo sokuwa, zihlaselwe zezinye izifo ezinobuzaza zi zisutye kukufa ziselula kakhulu.
6. Ngokumangalisayo, kwiiveki nje ezimbini emva kokupapashwa kophando lwaseHarvard, iBhunga Elilawula Amachiza laceba ukuza nemimiselo emitsha eyayiza kuthintela ukufikeleleka simahla konyango olusindisa imiphefumlo lweevitamin, lavala ze lathintela nokufikeleleka kolwazi ngolu hlobo lonyango, ze leza neziphakamiso zokuba amanina aphila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo asebenzise le AZT ngexesha esakhulelwe.

NGOMHLA WOKUKHUMBUZA ULUNTU LWEHLABATHI NGOGAWULAYO, iTreatment Action Group kwakunye neDr. Rath Health Foundation zibuza amaziko nabantu abajongene nempilo kwakunye nabantu baseMzantsi Afrika le mibuzo:

• Niyafuna ukuqhubekeka nilahlekiswa lishishini lamachiza kwakunye nayo yonke imibutho yalo elikhokelayo ekubeni nikholelwe ukuba la machiza axhome ngokungathethekiyo ngokwemali nadodobalisa ngokumangalisayo afana neAZT nenevirapine asisisombululo sikaGawulayo?

• Anicingi ukuba sekulixesha lokuxhasa urhulumente woMzantsi Afrika namagqirha namaxhwele aseMzantsi Afrika ze nizimanye nephulo lethu likazwelonke elinikezela ngolwazi kuluntu nelisekelwe kwinzululwazi yemvelo kwakunye neenyaniso ngecandelo lezempilo.