UMBUTHO WEZIZWE EZIMANYENEYO UZIBULELE!
Matthias Rath, M.D.
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Umlawuli wase US uPaul Bremer wabhaca ngobusuku nge28 kaJune njengesela. UGeorge Bush nolawulo lwakhe ngelo xesha bazama ukuthengisa uloyiso lwabo lweIraq kwihlabathi lonke njengegalelo kwihlabathi elikhuselekileyo. Kodwa wonke umntu uyazi ukuba asiyonyani leyo.
Izigidi ngezigidi(billions) ezithandandu zabantu zivuka zinoloyiko lwenyaniso yokuba umbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo (United Nations) njengombutho wokuqinisekisa uxolo awusaphili. Kwenzeka okwesibini ukuba kwimbali yelizwe umbutho welizwe lonke – owakhelwe ncakasana ukuqinisekisa uxolo nokhuseleko lezwe lonke-ukuba utsahatyalaliswe. Emva kokufa kweLeague of Nations kwiminyaka eyi70 eyadlulayo, umbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo (UN) izibulele ngoJune 2004.
NgoMatshi ka 2003, uGeorge Bush wakhokela imfazwe elwa neIraq ephikisana nesigqibo sombutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo(UN) ephazamisa umthetho welizwe lonke. Ngesigqibo sayo esathatyathwa ngomhla ka8 kuJune ngo2004 ukugunyazisa ukuhlala komkhosi okhokelwa yiUS, unobhala weBhunga loKhuseleko (Security Council) watshabalalisa ummiselo womthetho wehlabathi lonke, i-UN Charter eyiyona yona, kusekelwe kuyo ukwakhiwa nobukhona be-UN.
UGeorge Bush uyakubhalwa kwimbali njengenkokheli eyathi ngokuphumeleleyo yabulala yatshabalalisa umbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo (UN). Yayingeso senzo nje esi. Wagqibezela izicwangciso ezazihlelwe kuselithuba kumaphepha obuchule (strategy papers) kunye “neProject for a New American Century” nguWolfowitz, Cheney, Rumsfeld nabanye abanezikhundla eziphezulu kulawulo lukaBush. Ngoku, ngoJune ka2004 injongo zabo zaphumelela.
Le Nto Ithetha Ukuthi
Naliphi na ilizwe ehlabathini, ingakumbi amazwe asakhulayo, lilixhoba leemfuno zamaqumrhu ehlabathi.
Ngokophulwa nokungabikho okanye ukungaphili komthetho olawulayo weUN esona siqinisekiso sokhuseleko sabantu abaninzi emazweni simkile. Le nto ithetha ukuba ukususela ngoku naliphi na ilizwe – ingakumbi amazwe angaphezulu kuka 150 asakhasayo nasaphuhlayo – angagrogriswa, ahlaselwe oyiswe, phantsi kokuzenzisa nokuzihlekahlekisa, lilo naliphi na ilizwe elinengxowamali notyalo-mali olomeleleyo.
Izigidi ngezigidi ezithandathu zabantu ngoku bahlala kwilizwe elinokukhula kwezinto ezimbi, iimfazwe ezizakuqhubeka ngokwanda nokunyoluka kosozimali. Naliphi na ilizwe ngoku lingangenelelwa nabantu balo banyanzelwe ukuphila phantsi kweemeko abangazikhethelanga. Ilizwe alisawulwa ngamandla amathanga (colonial powers). Ukulawula ngamathanga (colonial mechanisms) kwathathelwa indawo kukulawula kwamaqumrhu ezoqoqosho kokunyoluka kwamaqumrhu neembumba zabatyali zimali namakholwane abo ezepolitiki. Kuzo zozibini ezi zihlakalo ukusokola kwabantu elizweni kuyafana kona.
Uluntu ngoku lungazikhethela
Thina, bantu behlabathi, kumele sithathe isigqibo: Ingaba sifuna ukuba inkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye (21 st century) ibeyinkulungwane yodlwengulo loovimba noloyiso lwempilo yabantu ngokunikezelwa kwimfuno nentando yamaqumrhu ezoqoqosho? Okanye senza isigqibo sokuthabatha elinye inyathelo?
Ithuba Eliyimbali
Ukuzibulala kombutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo yaba linyathelo lokugqibela lokufa kwendima emele idlalwe ngulo mbutho njengesicaka kubantu behlabathi liphela.
Amalungu asisigxina eBhunga Lokhuseleko eUN (Un Security Council), aqapheleka, njengeUS neUK, aqala kudala ukuxhaphaza iUN ngokuyisebenzisa njengenye yeengalo zawo zezopolitiko ukwanelisa iimfuno zayo zamaqumrhu obumbano. La maqumrhu obumbano athe nawo axhaphaza imibutho emincinci ephantsi kweUN njengeWHO neWTO njengezixhobo zokuqinisela nokumisela “amaqumrhu amathanga oosozimali noqoqosho.”
Okona kuxhela umphefumlo lifuthe elinikwa owona mbutho wokutyala izimali emhlabeni uphela – ipharmaceutical industry (umzi wokuvelisa amayeza). Ngeli lixa bathembisa impilo elizweni lonke, inzuzo nengeniso yabo koko bakutyilileyo ngokwezimali kusekelwe ekuqhubeni kwezifo – njengemarike yamachiza abo elizweni liphela.
Ngokuxhaphaza iWT ezi mfuno zinyanzeliswa ukwamkela umqathango wemali ezincinci omiselwe ngokungenasazela naphezu kwabantu abahlupheka ngokwenene ezizweni kwihlabathi liphela. Ngaxesha nye, ngokuxhaphaza iWHO, iinkampani zamachiza zizama ukuphelisa umthetho wokuthathwa kolunye unyawo olusebenzayo lokusetyenziswa konyango lwendalo phantsi kwe Codex Alimentarius yeUN. Amakhulu ezigidi zabantu baswelekile kuba iUN ithengise oko ikuthunywe ngabantu kwihlabathi liphela.
Uluntu ngoku lunethuba elihle neliyimbali lokudala urhulumente wezwe oyakuthatha ithuba, urhulumente wabantu ngabantu – iNtlanganisela yeZizwe (the Alliance of Nations). Imiqathango yokusekelwa kwayo ibhalwe ngezantsi. Ngoku kusebantwini behlabathi liphela ukulenza lifezeke ngenene nenyaniso.
Ngoku abantu behlabathi liphela mabakhe Intlanganisela yeZizwe
(the Alliance of the Nations):
Intshayelelo
1. URhulumente Wabantu Ngabantu Oyakuthatha Ithuba Elide. Intlanganisela yeZizwe (AN) ngumbutho welizwe lonke liphela ovuleleke kuwo onke amazwe ehlabathi ukuba abe ngamalungu. Ingakumbi, amazwe asakhulayo namazwe asakhula kwezoqoqosho, namazwe enziwe amashishini amancinane, anomnqweno wokuba nentlanganisela namanye amazwe ehlabathi ukuze akwazi ukukhusela isidima sawo njengesizwe, njengeminqweno neemfuno ezi sisiseko sezigidi ngezigidi zabantu. Ukusebenzisana nokuthatha inxanxheba kwabantu kunye nemibutho engeyiyo ekarhulumente ngomnye wemibandela ebonwa ibalulekile kwiNtlanganisela yeZizwe.
2. Imfuneko yokuThatha iNdawo yoMbutho weZizwe ezimaNyeneyo (UN). INtlanganisela yeZizwe ithatha indawo yoMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo njengorhulumente wehlabathi liphela kuba xa ujonga imfazwe ejoliswe kwiIraq, iUN iyityeshele iCharter yayo, yophula umthetho omiselwe kumthetho olawula ihlabathi liphela, yaba ke ngolo hlobo ilahla oyena nobangela wobukho bayo. Eli yaba linyathelo lokugqibela. Kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, iUN yayiseyixhatshaziwe njengengalo yabanamandla kwezopolitiko kwimiba ephathelene nezoqoqosho ehlabathini liphela, benyanzelisa iimfuno neminqweno yabo phezu kwamazwana angomelelanga kwezoqoqosho nabantu ehlabathini ngokubanzi.
3. Ungxamiseko Lokuqinisekisa uKhuseleko lwaMazwe eHlabathi. Injongo yokuseka iUN neCharter yayo yayikukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuhlaselana okuya kukhokelela kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi nokukhusela amazwe amancinane angaphezulu kuka-150 ekuthathweni ngabanamandla oqoqosho egameni leemfuno zamaqumrhu. Ngokomthetho-mmiselo wehlabathi ongenakulungiseka kungoku nje, ikhaka alisekho. Ngoku kuvela injongo nemfuneko engxamisekileyo yomthetho-mmiselo wehlabathi omtsha ukukhusela uninzi lwamazwe nabantu ngokubanzi nokuqinisekisa uxolo kwihlabathi liphela.
4. Ungxamiseko lokuThintela iMfazwe yeHlabathi. Kabini ngaphambili, uluntu lwagqiba ekudaleni iipalamente zehlabathi. Ngo1919, ngeliphendula isiphelo seWWI(iMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuqala), iNtlangano yeZizwe (iLeague of Nations) yaye yamiselwa ngelizama ukuthintela enye iMfazwe yeHlabathi. Ukungaphumeleli kwayo ukuthintela ukuvuka kweNazi Germany kwavula indlela eya kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi. Ngo1945, ngeliphendula iWWII (iMfazwe yeHlabathi yesibini), umbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo wamiselwa waphehlelewa. Emva kwamashumi eminyaka, nale intlangano ayizange iphumelele kuba ayizange ikwazi ukuthintela amanye amalungu ekuhlaseleni ezinye izizwe oko akuhambisani nomthetho weUN olawula amazwe ehlabathi. Oku kungaphumeleli kokuthintela ukophulwa nokungahlonitshwa komthetho osisimiselo kuvula indlela yonxunguphalo olukhulu kwihlabathi liphela e nesiphelo esiyingozi ekhokelela WWIII (iMfazwe yeHlabathi yesithathu), imfazwe eyakuliwa ngezikhali ezinobungozi kakhulu nanjengoko zinamandla amakhulu okutshabalalisa. INtlanganisela yeZizwe iyakuba kurhulumente wokuqala wehlabathi omiselwe ngaphambili-hayi emva-kweMfazwe yeHlabathi, ngenjongo yokukhuthaza uluntu luthintele ukutshabalala kwalo luqinisekisa ngekamva elikhuselekileyo.
Ukwakhiwa msinya kweNtlanganisela yeZizwe nokuxhaswa kwayo ngamazwe ngamazwe, kuqinisekisa ukomelezwa kokuqiniselwa kokhuseleko oko kuthethe ukuba, thina nabantwana bethu singaphila kwilizwe elinempilo ende, uxolo nomthetho.
Iinjongo neMithetho-sisekelo
INtlanganisela yaMazwe isekwe njgengorhulumente wabantu ngabantu. Iinjongo nemimiselo zibe kukulawula ithuba elide kukarhulumente wehlabathi lonke ekukhonzeni abantu ngokupheleleyo nangokukhethekileyo.
1. Iinjongo. Iinjongo zeNtlanganisela yeZizwe kukuphkamisa nokuqinisekisa uxolo ehlabathini, ezempilo nomthetho olawulayo njengoko kubhaliwe kumgaqo siseko.
2. Amalungelo Alinganayo oMntu Wonke. Injongo yeNtlanganisela yeZizwe kukuqinisa uxolo lwabantu bonke abangabemi bomhlaba nokuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantu baxhamla ezempilo, isidima, impumelelo nokuba nendlela yokufumana kovimba esinabo ehlabathini liphela.
3. Amalungelo Alinganayo eZizwe Zonke: Ilizwe elinye – Ivoti enye. Onke amazwe, ehlupheka etyebile, ayalingana kwiNtlanganisela yeZizwe yaye ilizwe ngalinye linevoti enye. Izigqibo zeNtlagano yeZizwe ziyabophelela kumalungu amazwe athe azibandakanya. Umthetho-sisekelo othi “Ilizwe elinye-Ivoti enye” urhulumente wehlabathi ubaluleke kakhulu yaye linyathelo lokuqinisekisa uxolo uxolo lwezizukulwana ezizayo.
4. Abantu kuqala ingeniso mva (abantu phambi kwengeniso). INtlanganisela yeZizwe iceba nokusebenzisa imithetho-sisekelo ekufezekiseni iminqweno yabantu ingeyiyo eyamaqumrhu osozimali. Ukuze kuphunyezwe amalungelo aphambili abantu, abantu ehlabathini liphela bangagunyazisa uvavanyo-zimvo elizweni lonke ekuthatheni isigqibo kwimiba ebaluleke kakhulu, njengezempilo, ethi ibophelele kwipalamente yehlabathi.
5. Ingeniso Yoxolo Nempumelelo. Ukuba lilungu kwiNtlnganisela yeZizwe ilele kwiimfuno zomntu ngamnye nakwilizwe ngalinye emhlabeni kuba le ntlanganisela yamazwe ihllangabezana neemfuno zabantu. Imfuno yokuqala yabantu kukuqinsekiswa koxolo nokhuseleko elizweni liphela ngokusebenza kweNtlanganisela yeZizwe. Iimfuno zezempilo, umthetho welizwe nempumelelo ziyakuhlangatyezwa ngotshintshiswano oluphangaleleyo lwezinto ezifana nolwazi nentsebenziswano kwimiba yezempilo, izifundo zenzuluzwazi, urhwebo, ezoqoqosho (kumaqumrhu amancinci namakhulu), ezamasiko nezithethe neminye imiba ephathelene nophuhliso.
6. UkuNciphisa uMda Phakathi kwaMazwe AHluphekayo naTyebileyo. Ngokusebenzisa amathuba obuchwephesha benzululwazi, ukuxhomekeka kumazwe atyebileyo ngezoqoqosho ngalawo ahluphekayo kuyakuphela. Imiba emibini – ezempilo nezamandla – ziyakuphuhliswa zinikwe ingqalelo ngaxesha nye kuba yomibini le miba ibisoloko ixhatshazwa kwilixa elidlulileyo ukudala ukuxhomekeka kwamazwe asakhulayo kulawo sele ephumelele nokuxinzelela ukungalingani kwamazwe. Ngoko ke, ukujongana nale miba mibini kwakuqinisekisa ukuncipha nokuphela kokuxhomekeka kumazwe aseletyebile, ukuphelisa ukwabiwa kwezoqoqosho ngokwamathanga ekugqibeleni kuvalwe umda ophakathi kwamazwe ahluphekayo natyebileyo.
7. Ezempilo Kumntu Wonke – Ngokuncothula Izifo Ezixhaphake Kakhulu. Ukungabi nazondlo zokutya ezipheleleyo kokutya okutyiwayo kuqinisekisiwe ngaphandle kwentandabuzo ukuba kudala izifo ezininzi ezinganyangekiyo – njengesifo icardiovascular (isifo sentliziyo). Izilwanyana azikufumani ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, kuba – ngokungafaniyo nabantu – zikhupha ezazo izakhamzimba ngemizimba yazo, ezaziwa ngovithamin C, zithi zomeleze ukukhutshwa kwecollagen nokomelela kodonga lwemithambo yegazi. Ngendlela efanayo, ukungabikho kwezondlo ezoneleyo ekutyeni ngunobangela wokungabikho lula ukulwa izifo okungamandla. Nto leyo idala ukuba umzimba ungenelelwe nazezinye izifo ezosulelayo ezifana neAIDS.
Ukuphelisa izifo ezinjengesifo sentliziyo, umhlaza ne-osteoporosis, nokulawula ukusasazeka kwesifo sephepha neAIDS kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekuhanjisweni kolulwazi elizweni ngokubanzi. Ngokukhuthazwa kwaziswe iWorld Health Alphabetization, iNtlanganisela yeZizwe iyakuphelisa ukungabikho kolwazi lwezempilo – ngokwenza njalo, kusindiswa izigidi ngezigidi zobomi nezigidi ngezigidi zemali yokuhlawulela unyango.
8. UkuPhelisa ukuTyalwa “kweShishini elineSifo.” Ishishini elineSifo, ukuqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukwandisa izifo ngabom kulungiselelwa ingeniso, kupheliswa ngokusemthethweni yiNtlanganisela yeZizwe. Amalungelo abantu okuthengisa nokuvelisa amachiza amatsha kumba wezempilo, kubuntu, izilwanyana nezityalo, aphelisiwe kuba asisiseko sezoqoqosho ekutyalweni kwamashishini avelisa amachiza anesifo.
9. Amandla omntu wonke. Oovimba bamandla benziwa batsha futhi bafumeneke ukuze wonke umntu akwazi ukufumana amandla asimahla ehlabathini liphela. Ngaphandle kwamandla esolar (amandla enziwa lilanga), ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amanzi (hydro technology) kuyaphuhliswa ngokwezenzululwazi. Ukukhutshwa ngobuninzi bezindidi zamandla nokusiwa kwawo kuluntu ngaphandle kwexabiso kunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kutyalomali lweshishini olubizwa ipetrochemical.
10. INdlela eBanzi eMisiweyo yoMthetho weHlabathi. Umthetho weHlabathi weNtlanganisela yeZizwe uthatha indawo yomthetho ongaphiliyo nongasekhoyo womthetho-sisekelo weUN. Umthetho weHlabathi weNtlanganisela yaMazwe ulawulwa yimiqathango nomithetho-mimiselo yesidima namalungelo abantu alinganayo kubantu behlabathi liphela nemfuno yoxolo, ukhuseleko nomthetho olawula amazwe onke amancinci namakhulu. Lo Mthetho weHlabathi weNtlanganisela yeZizwe ubophelela onke amalungu yaye kukho isohlwayo kwabo bophula lo mthetho. Ukukhokelela kwiimfazwe zentiywano nokophula lo Mthetho weHlabathi weNtlanganisela yeZizwe kukwenza ukuba lowo uwophuleyo afumane isohlwayo ngokuthi babekelwe bucala kwabo badala udushe.
11. Ukulamla iiMbabano ngoXolo. Izizwe ezingamalungu kwiNtlanganisela yeZizwe azibophelela ekusombululeni iimbabano nengxabano phakathi kwawo ngendlela enoxolo nokuzola.
12. Indlela yoKhuseleko yeHlabathi. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezizwe ezingamalungu kwezo zingengawo, ekuhlaselweni, ekugrogrisweni nokuthinjwa iNtlanganisela yeZizwe iqulunqe yaqiniseka ngomgaqo wokuzikhusela, kuquka nemikhosi yokugcina uxolo, oko kwanele ukumelana nolo grogriso. Intlanganisela yeZizwe izibophelela kolu hlobo lomkhosi.
13. Ukuncitshiswa kokufumaneka kwezixhobo njengeNjongo. Ukugcina ukhuseleko lwemikhosi yeNtlangano yeZizwe linyathelo elibalulekileyo elizweni elisalawulwa ngamandla ezoqoqosho nemikhosi yemfazwe. Ngaxesha nye, amazwe angamalungu eNtlanganisela yeZizwe azibophelela ekusebenzeleni ukuphelisa nokuvala ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokutshabalalisa nokuphelisa ukuphathwa nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo.
14. elide kukuncothula nengcambu nokuphelisa ukungalingani phakathi kwamazwe angamahlwempu natyebileyo. Ekuqinisekiseni ukukhawuleza kwale nkqubo, isihlalo sokuqala seNtlanganisela yeZizwe kukhethwe ukuba sibe kwilizwe elimele amazwe asakhulayo elinembali yenkululeko kwimbopheleleko yokulawulwa ngemixokelelwano karhulumente wamathanga.
Matthias Rath, M.D.
June 29, 2004
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